The South Australian Marine Scalefish Fishery has recently undergone a strategic review with the principal aim of restructuring the fishery in order to ensure its long-term sustainability and economic viability.  Like many coastal inshore fisheries around Australia, it faces numerous challenges, including fish stock decline, economic viability problems and tensions between commercial and recreational fishing sectors over shared access to fish stocks. The heterogeneous mixture of participants, fishing devices, licence conditions and regulations associated with this fishery makes the task of administering and managing it extremely challenging. Industry and government have worked collaboratively to address the inherent complexities of the fishery. Strategic management options developed include regionalisation (or zoning the fishery), rationalisation (removing up to 30% of licences) and introducing a contemporary management framework including quotas that will provide incentives for investment in the fishery and a mechanism to facilitate continual autonomous adjustment. This presentation explores the processes undertaken to date, the proposed reforms developed, and the methods to disentangle and understand the fleet dynamics of this extremely complex fishery, and examine the future structure and viability of the fishery from a resource sustainability, economic and social perspectives.