Live fast, die young? Mixed effects modelling reveals limited support for a pace-of-life syndrome in trout (#19)
Phenotypic correlations and trade-offs amongst traits play a vital role in determining an individual’s fitness. The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) posits that behavioural, physiological and life-history traits are correlated, such that selection on one or more of these traits will drive coevolution in the others. However, the strength of these correlations and associated fitness implications, remains largely unexplored. Individual phenotypes are comprised of both within- and among-individual variance, a factor that is often overlooked when examining correlated traits. I tested for a pace-of-life syndrome linking growth rates, metabolic and behavioural traits in brown trout fry Salmo trutta. Using mixed effects models I partitioned phenotypic variance into its within- and among-individual components, using univariate models to test for repeatabilities in traits and multivariate models to quantify correlations between traits. Most traits exhibited significant repeatability but correlations among traits were only present within and not among individuals. My results therefore do not provide support to the POLS hypothesis. Rather they, suggest that individual pace-of-life may be more nuanced, dependent on environmental or developmental contexts. My study provides a framework from which to continue to examine correlated traits, highlighting important aspect of the statistical methods required as well as encouraging avenues of further research.